Analysis Of The Movie Marion Crane - 879 Words

Marion Crane leaved Phoenix she isn’t married, but wants to move with her boyfriend, however money is a big dilemma for both of them until her boss client drop on her desk $40,000 to close a deal and she decide to runaway to California and meet her boyfriend, but after look suspicious for sleeping on the side of the road the first night, she decided to take the back roads next day to avoid police and she stopped at â€Å"Bates Motel† the second night where she meets Norman Bates, that owns the place and look really friendly, but it is obvious that he has issues with his mother. Overview of the Film Themes: Money $40,000 that Marion stole from her boss and put her in the Motel. The money shows on numerous scenes, but at the end money is just money Birds Norman office is full of birds all stuffed and he shows big passion for what he does and even compare Marion with the birds, but then contradicted himself on what he is saying. Mother Norman’s mother is in charge of everything, she owns the hotel and have total control of Norman’s life. Voyeurism Norman intentional put Marion in room 1 to be able to spy on her when she was undressing and getting ready to go to bed. Bathroom The most important and long scenes happened in the bathroom, even the clue that assure that Marion stays in â€Å"Bates Motel†. Mental illness Norman Bates suffers from personality disorder and can’t distinguish on what he does or what his mom does or make him do. Serial Killer At the end we find out the MarionShow MoreRelatedNorman Bates1736 Words   |  7 PagesGenital. Even though Sigmund Freud never was writing about the movie _Psycho_, theories of Freud, have a great connection with the personality of Norman Bates. According to Oedipus complex, by Sigmund Freud, it introduced the term for a child s libidinal attachment to the opposite sex parent, while experiencing jealousy and dislike of the same sex parent, as an expression of infantile sexuality. The character Norman Bates, in the movie _Psycho_, showed many signs of having an Oedipus complex whenRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of social environment. The answer seems difficult to discern because it is not split down into equal parts of nurture and nature, but rather rely on one another for a better understanding. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to the mental state of developing child. 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Alcohol Is The Number One Drug Used By College Students

According to research and statistics, alcohol is the number one drug used by college students. Most individuals do not label alcohol as a drug due to the way it is consumed, but when considering the negative side effects that accompany alcohol, the comparison of alcohol to drugs may not be that far of a stretch. Alcohol can not only be harmful to an individual’s external health but also their internal health as well. Consumption of alcohol over a long period of time may result in negative side effects to your heart, liver, pancreas, immune system, and ultimately if enough is consumed may result in cancer. This addicting, yet dangerous drug is best known for its ability to relax the body, reduce tension, and ultimately place the body into a†¦show more content†¦(H. Wechsler, 2000) (H. Wechsler, J.E. Lee, M. Kuo, H. Lee, College binge drinking in the 1990s: A continuing problem Journal of American College Health, 48 (2000), pp. 199–210) Statistics show that the a verage college student will consume more than 34 gallons of alcohol each year. From an outside point of view, alcohol may seem harmless and a normal part of the college experience, however research suggests that alcoholism and the college athlete should not in fact go hand in hand. A survey was conducted at a large university and data was collected on intercollegiate athletes during the competitive season and during the off-season. Those who participated in the survey were asked to estimate the amount of alcohol consumption levels of 4 different groups of individuals; closest athlete friend, closest non-athlete friend, typical athlete, and typical non-athlete. Results of both in-season and off-season indicated that the athletes reported that others consumed more drinks per week than they did, and insights of these social averages predicted personal use. Although the typical athlete average emerged as the strongest predictor of personal alcohol use, the relative strength of the rela tionships between individual behavior and the athlete and non-athlete norms varied according to seasonal status. (Kristen Dams-O Connor, November 2007) (Social norms and alcohol consumption among intercollegiate athletes: The role of athlete and non-athlete reference groups, Kristen Dams-O

Morehead Cain Essay Example For Students

Morehead Cain Essay A monologue from the play by Lord Byron NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Lord Byron: Six Plays. Lord Byron. Los Angeles: Black Box Press, 2007. LUCIFER: A superior?! Superior?!No! By heaven, which heHolds, and the abyss, and the immensityOf worlds and life, which I hold with him—No!I have a Victor—true; but no superior.Homage he has from all—but none from me:I battle it against him, as I battledIn highest Heaven—through all Eternity,And the unfathomable gulfs of Hades,And the interminable realms of space,And the infinity of endless ages,All, all, will I dispute! And world by world,And star by star, and universe by universe,Shall tremble in the balance, till the greatConflict shall cease, if ever it shall cease,Which it neer shall, till he or I be quenched!And what can quench our immortality,Or mutual and irrevocable hate?He as a conqueror will call the conqueredEvil, but what will be the Good he gives?Were I the victor, his works would be deemedThe only evil ones. And you, ye newAnd scare-born mortals, what have been his giftsTo you already, in your little world?But few; and some of those but bitt er.Back with me, then, to thine earth, and try the restOf his celestial boons to you and yours.Evil and Good are things in their own essence,And not made good or evil by the Giver;But if he gives you good—so call him; ifEvil springs from him, do not name it mine,Till ye know better its true fount; and judgeNot by words, though of Spirits, but the fruitsOf your existence, such as it must be.One good gift has the fatal apple given—Your reason: — let it not be overswayedBy tyrannous threats to force you into faithGainst all external sense and inward feeling:Think and endure, — and form an inner worldIn your own bosom — where the outward fails;So shall you nearer be the spiritualNature, and war triumphant with your own.

The two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky

Both Ferdinand de Saussure contribute their popular theories on linguistics. The research centres on the popular linguistic theories of Ferdinand de Saussure. The research includes research on the similarly popular linguistic concepts of Noam Chomsky. The two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky complement each other to explain how humans communicate with one another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Linguistic pertains to both language and communication. Douglas Robinson (2003, p. 26) emphasized â€Å"Linguistics is the study of language: even etymologically this is an obvious fact. In the twentieth century, however, the term came to signify a single fairly narrow approach to language and to exclude everything else of interest that might theoretically be included within it. Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky were linguists. Emile Benveniste was a linguist; Jacques Derrida was not.† The quote clearly shows that some quarters have devoted much of their time and effort to study how the language of one community evolved. The linguists have focused much of their time to understanding language growth. Ferdinand de Saussure. Ferdinand de Saussure emphasized that both language and speech are both composed of a system of signs (Saussaure, 2011, p. 17). The language and speech both precipitated from the social environment. Ferdinand de Saussure also insisted that language was not an innate act. Ferdinand de Saussure theorized that the person’s language and speech are learned while the person is interacting with other persons and influences. Language learning is biological in nature (Andenson Lightfoot, 2002, p. 3). For example, the Japanese person learned to speak the Japanese language while growing up in a Japanese community. Likewise, the British Child l earned United Kingdom English from conversing with one’s relatives and friends. The Arab child could speak fluent Arabic because the Arab person had grown up in a community where Arabic is the official language. In addition, the Chinese child will learn the Chinese language from his close relatives and friends. In terms of signs, Ferdinand de Saussure emphasize that different individuals have different signs for an object. For example, the Japanese have a different Japanese word for a tree. Similarly, the Chinese have a different word for the same tree. The German child has a different sign or word for the same universal tree (Kistner, 2008, p. 3).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, Ferdinand de Saussure insists that linguistics is a co-dependent act. The person learns the meaning of signs by conversing with another person. For example, the Japanese person will inform t he British citizen the Japanese word for a car. Likewise, the Chinese person will inform the British visitor the Chinese word for a car. The Egyptian resident will teach the British visitor the Egyptian word for a car. The example indicates that British visitor learns the different words for a car by conversing with the individuals from different countries (Saussaure, 2011, p. 20). Furthermore, Ferdinand de Saussure insists that language and speech is a learned language. The child first learns the alphabet. After learning the alphabet, the child learns to read words by joining two or more letters. After the child learns to read words, the child learns to read sentences. The child learns to identify an object by a word. For example, the child learns that the picture of an apple should be written â€Å"apple†. The child learns that the picture of a bus should be written as â€Å"bus†. In addition, Ferdinand de Saussure also teaches that people learn to obey instructions through learning. The child learns the word â€Å"stop† means the child should halt actions that are meant to be stopped. The child also learns that the word â€Å"sleep† means that the child should go to his or her room to go to sleep. The child learns the word â€Å"eat† means that the child must gobble a morsel of food. The example clearly shows that Ferdinand de Saussure was right in emphasizing that language is learned, not inherited (Saussaure, 2011, p. 20). Likewise, Ferdinand de Saussure insists that linguistics includes professionals learning their trade by studying. The engineers must pass the licensure exam for engineers. The lawyers must pass the licensure exam for lawyers. No one can pass the engineering board exams without first enrolling in an engineering course. Further, Ferdinand de Saussure emphasized that linguistics includes a body of special knowledge. The engineers have their own set of engineering technical language. The doctors will be at a lost if they listen to engineers talking about the topic â€Å"strength of building materials†. In the same light, the engineers will be confused when they hear medical doctors talking about â€Å"surgical terminologies†. The engineers will not understand the doctors when they speak about the different parts of the human body. The engineers do not have an idea as to where the body’s â€Å"posterior† part is.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The lawyers also have their own set of linguistics jargons. The lawyers speak in terms of legal terminologies like â€Å"rejoinder†. The medical doctor will be confused when the lawyer talks about the word â€Å"respondent† in a conversation with another lawyer. Ferdinand de Saussure is right is stating that language is a learned a ffair, not an inherited one (Saussaure, 2011, p. 20). In the same light, Ferdinand de Saussure reiterates that the pronunciation of words influenced by the linguistic sense of the speakers (Harris Taylor,1997, p. 182). The British English sound for the word â€Å"government† is different from the American pronunciation of the same word. The Chinese person will pronounce the same word â€Å"government† using the Chinese intonation. The Japanese individual will definitely use Japanese influence in pronouncing the same word â€Å"government†. Ferdinand de Saussure was right in stating the each individual adopts’ one’s cultural background in pronouncing the same word. Further, Ferdinand de Saussure is right in stating that different cultures influence how a sentence is done. Language is the key ingredient to understanding teh human thought process (De Beaugrande, 1991, p. 124).Eating with chopticks in China is a normal linguistic message. Language is a social contract among the members of the community (De Saussure, 1959, p. 14). Eating with spoons and forks is linguistically okay in another country. In Canada, people do not use spoons and forks to eat their food, another linguistic situation. In some countries, people customarily eat with their bare hands. Ferdinand de Saussure shows that each group has its own linguistic interpretation of how proper eating should be done (Saussaure, 2011, p. 8). However, Ferdinand de Saussure does not explain how two strangers can communicate with each other. A visiting Japanese visitor cannot understand the British language. However, the Japanese visitor can use utterances to indicate to the British person that the Japanese is angry at the British person. In addition, the German visitor cannot understand the British language. However, the German male bachelor can smile at the beautiful British girl who is passing by the world famous London Clock. The girl will understand the smile to mean the German visitor is interested in the girl. The girl may respond favourably or unfavourably to the German visitor’s overtures favourably. In terms of favourable terms, the British girl may smile back to the German visitor. The response will surely encourage the German visitor to move closer to the British girl and get to know her better. On the other hand, an unfavourable response may include not noticing the German visitor.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, the girl sends a message to the German visitor that she is not interested in the German visitor’s overtures. In turn, the German visitor may not give up on his love interest, the British girl. The German visitor may give the British girl a lovely rose to show that he is serious in his overtures. The British girl may accept the rose or reject the rose. Again, there are sign language words passed from the girl to the German visitor. In the same manner, there are sign language words passed from the German visitor to the British girl. Ferdinand de Saussure did not include this type of language, the innate universal grammar language, in his theories. The innate universal grammar language is espoused by Noam Chomsky in the next paragraphs. NOAH CHOMSKY. Geoffrey Huck (1996, p. 5) theorised Noam Chomsky believes that language is innate. Noam Chomsky believes that each child is born with a universal language, an infinite number of grammar sentences (Chapman Routledge, 2005 , p. 130). For example, the baby will cry if he or she is hungry. The child will laugh if he or she is happy. Noam Chomsky is correct in this way. The Japanese child will cry when hurt. The Chinese child will cry when it is hungry. The Arabian child will cry when he is in pain. The British child will cry when is hungry. The Eskimo’s child will cry when in pain. Clearly, Noam Chomsky is right in emphasizing that each child has an innate language which can be understood by different persons from any part of the world. Noam Chomsky explains that humans are like animals, having an innate language. Language is a system of rules (Joseph, Love, Taylor, 2001, p. 122). During the dinosaur age, the human beings learned to communicate with one another. The humans of that prehistoric age learned that showing an angry face will stop the other person from pestering the angry person. The facial expression of the person is enough to convey a message that the person is angry. In turn, the ot her person will stop what one is doing in order to avoid having a fight or disagreement with the angry person. Just like animals, Noam Chomsky states that humans show through sign language their true feelings. The person can use hand signals to ask the other person to come closer. The person can also use the hand signals â€Å" a stop sign† to indicate to the approaching person to stop walking towards the person making the stop sign. Noam Chomsky calls this language learning activity as Language Acquisition Device (Huck, 1996, p. 13). No one can question Noam Chomsky’s theory that sign language is a universal language among the people around the world. For example, one person shouting unfamiliar words to a complete stranger gives a message to the other person that the shouting person is trying to convey a message to the other person. The next step is for the two persons to communicate in a more vivid manner. The second person can give a sign language asking the shoutin g person to clarify his message (Huck, 1996, p. 12). However, Noam Chomsky’s theory is not 100 percent accurate. There is a slight probability that the sign language in one community may be different from the sign language from another community. For example, a complete stranger smiling to a beautiful girl may infuriate the girl’s husband, a person belonging to a conservative society. The girl’s husband mistakes the smiling as flirting with his wife. The jealous husband will either hide his wife from the eyes of the stranger or confront the stranger. A possible fight may occur when the girl’s husband confronts the stranger. The innocent stranger tries to pacify the girls’ husband by using his own body language techniques. One possible end to the body language exchange is a peaceful settlement between the girl’s husband and the stranger. The stranger may offer a gift to pacify the angry girl’s husband. The giving of a gift is another s ign language that the girl’s husband can easily understand (Huck, 1996, p. 23). Noam Chomsky proposes that each person has an innate set of transformational grammar words (Barsky, 1998, p. 174). People will understand the different and unfamiliar utterances because of their innate language. The strong person will push the weak person to indicate the strong person does not want the weak person beside him. In addition, the husband points his wife to the kitchen to indicate the husband is hungry. The wife will understand the husband’s sign language and start cooking the husband’s food. In addition, Noam Chomsky proves that the average person has an innate language. Noam Chomsky states that the growing child has the capacity to learn a new language. The child’s capacity to learn a new language is one of the child’s survival weapons. Children will adapt the new language to understand the world around the child (Barsky, 1998, p. 100). Further, the child must quickly learn the language of the parent in order to survive. The Japanese child has the capacity to learn the Japanese language in order to understand the vivid messages of the parents. The Chinese child has the capability to comprehend the Chinese language in order to understand the parent’s instructions. The British child has the ability to understand the British language in order to survive in the world. Noam Chomsky explains that the secret to the innate language is syntax. Noam Chomsky states that the children use syntax to learn the language of their parents quickly. The child uses the universal grammar approach effectively. Noam Chomsky insists that child’s use of universal grammar bridges the gap between linguistic stimuli of the child and rich linguistic language that the child learns from his or her parents or relatives (Barsky, 1996, p. 157). However, many individuals claim that Noam Chomsky is too discriminating. Noam Chomsky insists that all children use the universal grammar. The universal grammar is grounded on the English language. The syntaxes only concern the English language. This is understandable because Noam Chomsky’s native tongue is the English language. For example, Alastair Pennycook (2001, p. 46) insists â€Å"Since applied linguistics always has to do with language in some form, the development of a political vision of language must indeed form a backbone to critical applied linguistics. I have already alluded to a possible distinction between looking at the politics of language in terms of how forms of power affect language use.† Further, Noam Chomsky did not explain why different societies or countries have produced their own set of unique languages. Sarah Taub (2001, p. 8) proposes â€Å"As we have seen, iconic linguistic items are related to their meanings through physical resemblance. We should note, however, that there are many different possible iconic representations of a single visual or a uditory image; for example, one could represent different parts of the image or use different perspectives†. Applying the scientific process, Noam Chomsky should perform more experiments to validate his universal grammar claim. Noam Chomsky should visit Germany to study how each child learns the German language quickly. The other languages have their own sets of syntaxes that may not be in the same plane as the English language syntaxes. Based on the above discussion, Both Ferdinand de Saussure contribute their own versions of linguistics. The linguistic theories of Ferdinand de Saussure focus on learning as a prerequisite for understanding language. The linguistic concepts of Noam Chomsky focus on a child having innate universal language, using syntax grammar. Indeed, the two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky complement each other discussing how individuals communicate with one another. References Andenson, S., Lightfoot, D. (2002). The Language Or gan: Linguistics as Cognitive  Physiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barsky, R. (1998). Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent. London: University Press. Chapman, S., Routledge, C. (2005). Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy  of Language. New York: Oxford University Press. De Beaugrande, R. (1991). Linguistic Theory: The Discourse of Fundamental Works. New York: Longman Press. De Saussure, F. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. New York: Columbia University Press. Harris, R., Taylor, T. (1997). Landmarks in Linguistics Thought I: The Western  Tradition from Socrates to Saussure. New York: Routledge Press. Huck, G. (1996). Ideology of Linguistic Theory: Noam Chomsky and Deep  Structure Debates. London: Routledge Press. Joseph, E., Love, N., Taylor, T. (2001). Landmarks in Linguistics Thought II: The  Western Tradition in the Twentieth Century. New York: Routledge Press. Kistner, M. (2008). Linguistic Sign Theories. London: Grin Press. Pennycook, A. (2001 ). Critical Applied Linguistics. London: Lawrence Erlabaum Press. Robinson, D. (2003). Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as  Doing Things with Words. London: Routledge Press. Saussaure, F. (2011). Course in General Linguistics. London: University Press. Taub, S. (2001). Language from the Body: Iconicity in American Sign  Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This essay on The two linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky was written and submitted by user Gauge Burks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Narrative In The Life Of Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass himself wrote the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. He was born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland in approximately 1817. He has, "†¦no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it" (47). Having himself been kept as a slave until he escaped from Maryland in 1838, he was able to deliver very impassioned speeches about the role of the slave holders and the slaves. Many Northerners tried to discredit his tales, but no one was ever able to disprove his statements. Frederick Douglass does offer a biased review of slavery, as he was born into it, yet even in his bias he is able to detect and detail the differences in the slaveholders cruelty and that to which he was subjected. From being whipped and humiliated daily, "a very severe whipping†¦ for being awkward" (101), to being able to find his own work and save some money, he is able to give the reader a more true picture of slavery. Frederick Douglass has woven many themes into his narrative, all being tied with a common thread of man’s inhumanity towards man. Children were uprooted from the arms of their mothers, and sold to other slaveholders. Brutal whippings occurred for even the smallest imagined offense, women were treated as no better than common concubines and the slaves were forced into living quarters, worse than some of the farm animals. The slaves were not allowed even the most meager portion of food to last a month. Clothes were scarce and illness was never tolerated. It was unthinkable for the slaves to practice any type of religion, hold any gatherings, become literate to any degree, "unlawful†¦ unsafe, to teach a slave to read" (78) or even make the simple decision of when to eat and sleep. One of the themes that the book dealt with is society and it’s handling of slavery under the guise of Christianity. Those who professed to being the most Christian, was ac... Free Essays on Narrative In The Life Of Frederick Douglass Free Essays on Narrative In The Life Of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass himself wrote the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. He was born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland in approximately 1817. He has, "†¦no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it" (47). Having himself been kept as a slave until he escaped from Maryland in 1838, he was able to deliver very impassioned speeches about the role of the slave holders and the slaves. Many Northerners tried to discredit his tales, but no one was ever able to disprove his statements. Frederick Douglass does offer a biased review of slavery, as he was born into it, yet even in his bias he is able to detect and detail the differences in the slaveholders cruelty and that to which he was subjected. From being whipped and humiliated daily, "a very severe whipping†¦ for being awkward" (101), to being able to find his own work and save some money, he is able to give the reader a more true picture of slavery. Frederick Douglass has woven many themes into his narrative, all being tied with a common thread of man’s inhumanity towards man. Children were uprooted from the arms of their mothers, and sold to other slaveholders. Brutal whippings occurred for even the smallest imagined offense, women were treated as no better than common concubines and the slaves were forced into living quarters, worse than some of the farm animals. The slaves were not allowed even the most meager portion of food to last a month. Clothes were scarce and illness was never tolerated. It was unthinkable for the slaves to practice any type of religion, hold any gatherings, become literate to any degree, "unlawful†¦ unsafe, to teach a slave to read" (78) or even make the simple decision of when to eat and sleep. One of the themes that the book dealt with is society and it’s handling of slavery under the guise of Christianity. Those who professed to being the most Christian, was ac...

The Jeffersonian Republicans vs. the Federalists essays

The Jeffersonian Republicans vs. the Federalists essays The early 1800s helped clearly distinguish the views between the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. During the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison, many issues evolved showing the strong opinions of the two groups. The Jeffersonian Republicans supported a strong constitution, while the Federalists supported broad constructionism. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the Jeffersonian Republicans. They disagreed with the Federalists on virtually every issue. When he was inaugurated as President in March of 1801, he planned on making many changes. The Alien and Sedition acts, which were set by the federalists to control public negativity towards the party, were not renewed and those who were previously imprisoned by them were pardoned. Many changes were also made to the navy. Prior to his presidency, Jefferson wrote about his confidence in the ideas of the preservation of the Constitution in a conservative manner. He also states that the Federalists have failed to follow the Constitution accurately and the way it should have been followed. (Document A) The Jeffersonian Republican views are also shown in a document from Jefferson to a minister named Samuel Miller. In this document Jefferson strongly opposes the idea of government in correlation to religion. He states that no power, according to the const itution, was delegated to the general government to assume any authority in religious discipline. (Document B) Jefferson defended the views of the Jeffersonian Republicans throughout his term in office. James Madison also defended the Jeffersonian Republicans while he was in office. In a message to Congress in March of 1817, he shows his strict interpretation of the Constitution. Here, Madison shares his decision with Congress on an International Improvements Bill. (Document H) The bill asked approval for federal funds that would go towards construction roads and canals and improving water n...

New Product Development Accounting Project Math Problem

New Product Development Accounting Project - Math Problem Example Operating Profit $152,124,000 $2,112.83 *COMPUTATIONS FOR INCOME STATEMENT Sales = Total sales units * Total per unit sale = 72000 * 14,500 = $1,044,000,000 Total Variable Expenses = Variable cost per unit * Total sales units = 8,770.5* 72000 = $631,476,000 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS Number of Sales Units for Break Even: Break Even Sales Units = Fixed Cost Price - Variable Cost per unit = 260,400,000 5729.5 = 45,449 units. Sales Volume In Dollars for Break Even Total Sales = Total break even units * Total sales units = 45,449 * 14,500 = $659,010,500 Profit if the Sales is 6000 Units Per Month Sales per year = 6000*12 = 72000 units Profit per month = $152,124,000 Sales per month = 6000 units Profit per month = 152,124,000 / 12 = $12,677,000 Required 3: Based on the contribution income statement, the operating leverage ratio and margin of safety are calculated below: OPERATING LEVERAGE RATIO: The formula to compute the operating leverage ratio is: Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Income = $412,524,000/152,124,000 = 2.71 Operating leverage indicates what change in net income can be expected from a change in sales volume. An operating leverage of 2.7 implies that the change in net income will be 2.7 times as large as the change in sales volume. Therefore, for the projected profitability of Water Play Inc. that if sales increased by 10%, net income should increase by 27%. The net income of Water Play Inc. would be 2.7 times greater than its sales volume. MARGIN OF SAFETY: The margin of safety is measured in either dollars or units. It measures... This would be a discretionary cost for the company as the cost on research and development arises form management decision to spend a particular amount and management can reduce it in the short term if it is needed. The management can minimize this cost by delaying for short term, the unnecessary maintenance and repair expenses in the office. Reduction in these costs does not cause an irreparable loss to the company's operations. Operating leverage indicates what change in net income can be expected from a change in sales volume. An operating leverage of 2.7 implies that the change in net income will be 2.7 times as large as the change in sales volume. Therefore, for the projected profitability of Water Play Inc. that if sales increased by 10%, net income should increase by 27%. The net income of Water Play Inc. would be 2.7 times greater than its sales volume. Margin of safety reveals the amount by which actual sales can drop before a firm will incur Loss. The larger the margin: the lesser the risk. (Sales can fall by a larger percentage before the company will show a loss.). The Margin of safety or Safety stock of Water Play Inc. is 26,551 units. It means that the company should maintain 26,551 units as safety stock in order to avoid the risk.

Compensation and Benefits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compensation and Benefits - Research Paper Example There are creative workers in the company that come up with better business ideas as well as working extra hard to ensure the company’s success. This paper looks at employee incentives as the compensation/benefit problem. In 1973, Bronco Wine Company was started by Fred Franzia with his brother Joseph and cousin. This was immediately after the Coca Cola Company purchased Franzia winery business. It owns 40,000 acres of vineyard in Central Valley, California and produces up to sixty million gallons of wine annually. It has storage facilities in Ceres. One of the major problems facing the company is lack of opportunities for recognition. Rewarding employees makes them feel appreciated (Gebauer, Lowman & Gordon, 2008). This can be through better pays, having flexible job roles, lavish trips and good management. This poses a challenge to the employer because the employees feel unappreciated hence low performance. The employees will be most likely to take more sick days and others end up quitting. The employer will therefore have challenges in coping with fewer workers when others are on sick days as well as employing new people to work on the company. Bronco Wine Company is among the largest wine producing company in the United States but has a problem with employee incentives. There is need in ensuring that the exceptional employees are entitled to public recognition for the work well done. This will have a positive feedback to the company through immense profits as well as having more employees driven and finding ways to tackle

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay Example for Free

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay In Kaplan Norton Generic Strategy map, one perspective is the learning and growth perspective. Explain the significance of this perspective. Write the requirement of the perspective in detail and what outcome can be achieved if it is followed. Significance * Learning and growth strategies are important for the long term development of the firm * Learning and growth perspective defines the intangible assets which are needed to enable the activities and customer relationships to be performed at high level * It includes measurement for people (employee retention, training, skills, morale) * It also measure critical real time information needed for front line employees * The chain of cause and effect relationships tend to cause improvements in business processes , which in turn cause improvements in sales and financial measurement of profitability. The direction of cause and effects relationship can be emphasized as: Learning and growth  º Internal business process  º Customer  º Financial * It continuously develop and deliver new innovative products and services * Organization innovation and learning perspective is used to maintain infrastructure needed for long term growth and improvements. Learning and Growth perspective: In learning and growth perspective organizations purpose is â€Å"to achieve its mission and how it will sustain its ability to change and improve† it defines the intangible assets that are needed to enable activities and customer relationship to be performed at high levels of performance so that the firm can serve its customer well. This perspective is also the base of forming strategy if base is well structured and aligned with the organizational objective strategy can prove itself more effective. It is important important for the long term development of the firm. Requirements Requirements of learning and growth perspective are listed below: * Strategic competencies * Strategic technologies * Climate for action Strategic competencies: Strategic competencies are the strategic skills and knowledge required by the work force to support the strategy. Strategy itself is of no use until unless supported and implemented by the workforce of the organization. Employees should be involved in decision making so that they considered themselves a part of the firm and take rational decisions about .If some employee is doing well for the organization firm should reward him and give him recognition for the job that he has performed well this thing gives us the concept of motivation it is the driving force that drives a person to achieve its objective. Strategic Technologies: These are the materials and process technologies, information system, databases, tools, and network required to support the strategy. Once strategy is made now it requires some technical software tools for its processing it can be some software that enable the work force to reduce times in the operations of the business. An organization can gain competitive edge over its competitors by using technologies. Climate for actions: Climate for action provides the cultural shifts needed to motivate, empower, and align the workforce behind the strategy . it’s the course of action that how organization is going to align its strategic competencies, strategic technologies with each other . organization matches its abilities with its strategies and oversees if it can perform as they have made the strategy. It’s a point where organization checks its strategic fit between the organizational plan and resources employed for it . It accesses the climate prior to the action . Outcomes As it focuses on intangible assets of the firm mainly on the internal skills and capabilities of the employees that are required to support the value creating internal processes. It also describes how technology people are combined to support the strategy and if it is implemented it can lead in the improvement in the internal processes, customers, and financial perspective

Psychological Egoism :: Psychology Selfishness Selfish Egoism essays

Psychological Egoism Psychological egoism is a reflex that every person has to orient themselves toward their own welfare. Through this, it follows that every one of his (or her) voluntary actions is some good to himself. If someone gives away the last piece of bread to someone else, it is because they want to look like a better person. Due to the fact that they would give away the last piece of bread. Human nature is completely and exclusively egoistic. People are entirely selfish and devoid of any genuine feelings of sympathy, benevolence, or sociability. They are always thinking of themselves in everything they do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each individual is preoccupied exclusively with the gratification of personal desires (felicity or happiness).Ones success in maintaining a continuous flow of gratification is the means of ones happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The object of the voluntary acts of every man is some good to himself. Whenever man renounces his right it is either in consideration for some right reciprocally transferred to himself, or for some other good he hopes for from the outcome. This presents us with the old saying: "Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social organization originates out of self interest. All society is for gain, or for glory. It is not like we think it is—for love of our fellows. Instead it is for self preservation. It is a sort of social contract. In a state of nature we are at war with each other and life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. In a natural state individuals are in equal powers. Voluntary collective organization is the most effective way for individuals to utilize their powers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Man should be allowed the right to use all means or actions to preserve himself. For every man is desirous of what is good to him, and shuns what is evil, but chiefly the chiefest of natural evil, which is death. The right to bear arms. In conclusion, I would like to say that? Psychological Egoism-- This is the claim that humans by nature are motivated only by self-interest . Any act, no matter how altruistic it might seem, is actually motivated by some selfish desire of the agent (e.g., desire for reward, avoidance of guilt, personal happiness). This is a descriptive claim about human nature. Since the claim is universal--all acts are motivated by self interest--it could be proven false by a single counterexample (Weston, rule #11). It will be difficult to find an action that the psychological egoist will acknowledge as purely altruistic, however. There is almost always some benefit to ourselves in any action we choose.

Eoct Em2

Admin AEL-list tools repair locker APL-equipment fixed to the hull/vessel Mica: * (management information configuration allowances) tailored to a specific individual unit or unit class * Parts of mica: 1. Section a- equipment nomenclature sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by equipment 2. Section b- hsc description sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by structure coed 3. Section c- hsc code sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by HSC 4. Section d-apl/ael number sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by apl/ael number FED log: * Made up in two files . Interactive query coast guard only uses this one used as information resource 2. Batch file * Wild card is the ability to search characters or numbers * Data view bar provides quick links to different screens in fed log * Icon (magnifingglass)Characteristics data response- provides description information * Icon (man) Management Data response- provides the service/agency CMPLUS: * Supports unit supply mission * Take material from inventory you must do an initial request * Inventory * Initial requests * Initial requests * Orders Receipts * Suppliers allowances * Group inventory OPFAC- identifies each Coast Guard unit Surflog: * Fill out a surlog: 1. Department coed 2. Opfac 3. Cog code 4. Stock number 5. Unit of issue 6. Nomenclature andsupplier 7. Quanitity needed 8. Cost * federal supply system * keep track of how much money you have expended * identify what is ordered and what has been recived * if you are copying information from old surg log confirm info in fedlog. Procurement request- form dot f 4200. 1. 2 cg- commercial suppliers MPC- PMS detail instruction card E. – A-M-3356(A=auxiliary M=monthly 3356=identification number) M-main propulsion machinery A-auxiliary E-electrical R-damage control NEM- m9000. 6 ELC website -submit a change Engineering dept shall maintain single tag-out log Tag out- comdtinst 9077. 1 * Check and audits once every two weeks by cognizant dept * Tag numbers shall start over OCT 1 * Size of t he vessel determines the number of tag-out logs required * Replacing a missing tag- next sequential number on tag out sheet * Check correctly installed visual compare- tag out record sheet and tag audit Recommend change in PMS procedures must: In written form * Given to the PSM coordinator FPD( financial and procurement) provides acquisitions and accounting First quarter- is oct-dec Take material from inventory you must do an initial request TACHOMETER Tachometer- is an instrument that generates, transmits, and indicates info that is converted into a measurement of rotation speed Verify reading against info found on nameplate data 4 types of Tachometer: 1. Chronometric Tachometer, accessible shaft, press and release start button, displays after 5sec 2. Centrifugal tachometer, continuous reading of rpm’s on accessible shaft 3. Resonant tachometer, vibrating, when shaft is not accessible 4. Photo-electric tachometer, battery operated, non-contact(place reflective tape on shaft Calibration done- 12 to 18 months, sticker has last calibration and due date Frequency = number of cycles in a given time F (Hertz) = number of poles X rpm/120 Rpm=120 X f/ no of poles Transducers Pressures Transducers- convert pressure into an electrical output signal that is proportionate to the input pressure. Always obtain permission prior to troubleshooting, isolate from the pressurized system Replace with same type or a higher grade King nutronics- 2250 psi Uses 4-20ma so it travel longer distances Don’t zero and span to compensate reading Easily manipulated Prone to interference Troubleshooting- verify transducer is the problem Resistance Temp Detector RTD (resistance temp detector) temp sensor whose electrical resistance changes linearly with change in temp RTD is connected to wheatherstone bridge Two elements with separate temp gauge 1. Nickel: -40 to 1000 degree for all configurations 2. Platinum: -40 to 1000 degree for thermowell, bare bulb and embedded configuration Two wire sensing element: red and white * needs compensation circuit Three wire sensing elements: 2whites and red* no need compensation Three types of RTD configurations: 1. 5sec. embedded( oil film temp in machinery bearing) 2. 8sec. Thermowell ( high pressure) 3. 15sec. Bare Bulb directly immersed in high pressure gas Thermocouple Thermocouple is device to measure temp as temp changes a electrical potential in MV is generated Used in pyrometer Air temp change in a cold junction will cause erroneous reading Cleaning: approved solvent, checking loose or dirty connection, calibrations UAW tech manual by manufactures Two dissimilar metals that is referred as HOT JUNCTION(thermocouple sensor) Two dissimilar metals become similar is Cold junction (reference junction) Two type of therocouples 1. Type K, chromel(+yellow) Alumel (-Red) 2. Type J, Iron (+white) constantan (-Red) Synchro Two types of damping methods: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical Highest value of effective voltage induced in one stator coil is 52v Rapid and accurate transmission Electromagnetic induction Two general classifications: 1. Troque -moves light loads like dials 2. Control -heavy loads gun directors Two common synchro rotors or windings: 1. Salient pole rotor 2. Drum or wound rotor Synchro resembles small electrical motor operates like a variable transformer NEVER connect 400hz synchro to 60hz voltage Operating voltage and frequency is mark on name plate Military standard and navy prestandard synchros- 115 vac or 26vac Load dictates the type of synchro and system By reversing s1 and s3 both synchro motors turn the same amount, in opposite directions Change S2 causes 120 degree error – it reverses the direction Oscillation and spinning of the pointer: 1. Stator winding are shorted 2. Defective damper Reversal R1 and R2 180 degree error – rotation remains the same Damping circuit prevents gear train oscillations or spinning Common zeroing methods: 1. AC Voltmeter method( most accurate) 2. Electrical-lock( fastest) Rotor gets voltage by primary winding â€Å"excitation† Stator gets voltage from the Rotor by magnetic coupling GYRO Heading, roll and pitch Transmits info to weapons control, sonar radar, depth control, dead reckoning Gyrocompass has two basic properties: 1. Rigidity in space(rigid, no force) 2. Precession(right angle, applied force) MK27: 1. Consists of master compass, electronic control unit and power converter 2. Seeks true north 3. ECU-operating control->servo Amplifier->alarm Circuitry->power supply->latitude control circuitry 4. S-1 switches- Slew, Start, Run- manual or auto 5. E- core pickoff- generates signal from proportional to gyro from null 6. J3 test points- master compass 7. Full wave bridge rectifier –rectifies AC to DC 8. Choke input filter->creates smooth DC voltage Anemomter Wind direction(HD) and speed(HE) indicator relative to ships heading and speed Wind speed indicator- visual indication of wind speed and direction(single phase 115vac) Voltmeter is used with anemometer Wind speed indicator(HE) transmits signal voltmeter(magneto) Capacitor prevents RF interference or reduces stator currents Set emits RF interference: defective capacitor at rear, replace for magneto Remove 2300 ohm resistor from both sides when using to indicators Salinity Fresh water contaminated excess of 0. 25 grains of sea salt per gallon alarm will go off (audio&visual) After the solenoid is de-energized it must be manually reset Dumper valve solenoid de-energized when impurities reach alarm proportions diverting water overboard Cell test resistor- small portable unit with contact fingers System test & cell inspection-> monthly Inspection- > bi-monthly Thermistor-> temp sensitive resistor which limits current flow across the gap between the plates Salinity Module test/installation-> 23 vac across tp1- tp2 gaps shorted cell/wiring ciruit VLA) Visual Landing Aids Helo deckarea marker- Lighting-Approach aids Wave off lights- cue to pilot landing is unacceptable Wave-off light will not extinguish when wave-off switch is secured command is being sent from remote panel Homing beacon ->white lamp->main mast->flashes 90x per min Lamp circuit- wired: step down transformer(115/32 volts) to variable dimming circuit Line-up- lights-20 lights-white and flash i n sequence- uni or bi-directional VLA power requirements lighting system 120v/60hz WIPER Window wipers- DC voltage, taking 115vac single-phase using full-wave bridge rectifier Oil to external oil cup lubs the brushes Replace every 3000 hours or two times a year Life span is one year Drive mechanism- converts the rotation of the motor to go back and forth Pendulum window wiper-wiper switch to park (to place wiper out of view) Steering To determine rudder rate a HARD-OVER- TO HARD –OVER command is given while ship is moving in max speed. Overtravel-is a steering position on rudder beyond the order angle and remains at that position Overshoot- few degrees beyond the older angle but returns to the order angle Three modes of operation of steering system: 1. Follow up 2. Auto pilot 3. Non follow up Four components: 1. Hydraulic system-hydraulic power units and rudder actuators 2. Emergency equipment 3. Rudder position feedback system 4. Steering controls Control circuit- generates an electrical signal to move the rudder Hydroulic power unit(HPU) ports hydraulic fluid to the actuator Actuator turns hydraulic power into mechanical motion Steering force of water acting on the rudder Solenoid valve- controls hydraulic fluid to the actuators-> to move rudder Uses hydraulics to control rudder because of the high torque –to-weight ratio Maximum error allowed on rudder angle is + or -2 Battery Normal temp-80f degrees Initial: a low-rate charge given to a new battery Normal: Routine charge IAW nameplate data Emergency: a fast or boost charge Equalizing: extended normal charge given at a specific gravity Floating: voltage maintained within the limits of 2. 13 to 2. 17 volts per cell Polarization index test Determines condition of windings through a chart Brushes * Never mix brushes-rapid brushes wear could happen when mismatched * Replace if worn 1/8 inch Seat brushes in brush holder with 80grit sandpaper * Brush holders are the same distance from the commucator- no more then 1/8 no less than 1/16 unless said by manufacturer Air Gaps * distance thousands of inch between stator and rotor * measured with machinist tapered feeler gauge * reading within 10% Bearings * never use a naked flame to heat a shaft bearing or housing * two methods to remove bearings 1. arbor press 2. puller method * three method to install bearing 1. arbor press 2. puller method 3. hammer with an appropriately size tube lubricated and sealed at the factory * antifriction bearings 1. radial 2. angular contact 3. thrust * heated in oven, furnace, or oil-> at 203+/- 10degrees to expand the inner ring for assembly * hot alignment- operating temp * cold alignment-room temp * Alignment check are required under the following conditions a. Upon installation b. Base or foundation is repaired c. Any action done to bearings or motor d. When specified by PMS * Preferred pump shaft alignment is the indicator reverse method * Dial indicator shows . 04 or more movement and soft foot exists * Soft foot condition has not improved after two corrections a bent foot exist * Four approved alignment methods 1. Rim and face 2. Indicator reverse 3. Close-couple pump 4. Straight edge/ feeler gauge POWER Breakers: * AQB breaker for generator switchboards * ACB (air c ircuit breakers) commonly installed in cutter switchboards * NLB have no automatic tripping device, it uses on/off switch * NQB have no automatic tripping device, it uses circuit isolation and manual transfer applications. Selective tripping of breakers is normally accomplished with a short time-delay feature * No authorized changes should be made to trip settings on a breaker * Purpose of switchboard circuit breakers are: 1. Circuit protection 2. Circuit isolation 3. The normal switching operation of an electrical circuit For silver or silver alloys contacts maintenance: 1. Fine file or sandpaper NO. 00 fine sandpaper is used to clean For copper contacts 2. Never use emery cloth Decrease contact forces may cause Overheating of the contact trips( loud humming or chattering is the warning) Power factor = kw/kva * Kva-apparent power * Kw-true power-> the power actually used (uses a wattmeter) Reverse power relay-reverse current rating setting 5% for 10seconds Voltage regulator senses output voltage To obtain 100% power factor circuit must be purely resistive Uninterruptible power supply (ups) protects system from low voltage brown outs Motor generator (MG) is electrical motor that turns a generator (supplies regulated type111 electrical power to system) Motor generator output-120v, three phase, 400hz INDICATOR LIGHTS * White mg power is available * Blue generator circuit breaker is closed * Yellow mg is in use on the other circuit * Clear ground in the system/synchronizing * Red danger * Green normal Hysteresis loss, caused by friction develop between magnetic particles as they rotated though each cycle The primary windings of a current transformer should be connected in the line carrying the current to be measured One terminal of the secondary should be grounded Logarithmic negative temp coefficient- an increase in temp but decrease in resistance Positive temperature coefficient- an increase in temp and increase in resistance Negative temperature coefficient- an decrease in temp and decrease in resistance Only 450m 3phase 3 wire system ungrounded shore power source is acceptable for supplying electrical power. D’arsonval effect- through coil->magnetic field->repel or retract from coil magnetism Selective tripping- time delay source breakers 2301= 4 to 9 terminal MK 27 GYRO COMPASS IS A DIRECT READING COMPASS. SEEKS AND CONTINUOUSLY INDICATES THE MERIDIAN OR TRUE NORTH TWO BASIC PARTS OF THE MASTER COMPASS IS THE BINNACLE AND THE BASE ELECTRICAL CONTROL UNIT (ECU) OF THE MK 27 HOUSES OPERATING CONTROLS, FOLLOW UP SERVO AMPLIFIER, ALARM CIRCUIT, POWER SUPPLY, AND LATITUDE CONTROL WHAT CIRCUIT DESIGNATION FOR AN AIR FLOW ALARM HF COMPONENTS OF AN ALARM INDICATOR SYSTEM ARE SUPERVISORY CIRCUIT, ALARM CIRCUIT, ALARM DEVICES DRIVE UNIT CONVERTS ROTARY MOTION OF THE DRIVE MOTOR INTO A BACK AND FORTH MOTION IN A WINDOW WIPING SYSTEM PENDULUM POWER REQ 115 VOLTS, SINGLE PHASE AC SYCNCHRO CAPSITORS MAINTAINS ACCURACY IN SYNCHRO SYSTEMS. ALSO REDUCES STATOR CURRENTS M. I. C. A DESIGNATED TO A SPECIFIC UNIT FPD PROGRAM PROVIDES SIMPLIFIED ACQUISITION AND ACCOUNTING FUNCTIONS FOR LARGE UNITS OF THE COAST GUARD PRIMARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 450 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ SECONDARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 120 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ, TWO WIRE GROUND DETECTOR CANNOT DETECT GROUNDS THROUGH A TRANSFORMER POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT THE RESISTANCE INCREASES WITH TEMPERATURE WATER INSIDE TRANSDUCER IS FROM†¦ EITHER FROM HUMIDIDTY OR FLUID FROM THE SYSTEM LEAKING BY THE DIAPHRAGM ADVANTAGE FOR USING A 4-20MA SIGNAL IN A TRANSDUCER IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED WITH LITTLE TO NO INTERFERENCE THREE LEAD RTD DOES NOT REQUIRE A †¦ COMPENSATION CIRCUIT REED SWITCH USED IN FLOODING ALARM SYSTEM BEARINGS DISASSEMBLING PRELIMINARIES BEFORE DISASSEMBLING, MATCH MARK ALL ADJACENT PARTS INCLUDING END BELLS, STATOR FEET, CARTRIDGE COVERS, END CAPS, AND COUPLING HALVES, SO THATTHEY ARE REMOUNTED IN THEIR EXACT ORIGINAL POSITION DUMP VALVE MUST BE RESET MANUALLY FUNCTION OF THERMISTOR ON THE SALINITY CELL A TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE RESISTOR WHICH LIMITS THE CURRENT FLOW ACROSS THE GP BETWEEN THE PLATES PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE FOR SALINITY SYSTEM METER CHECK (DAILY), ALARM TRIP LEVELS (WEEKLY), SYSTEM TEST (MONTHLY), CELL INSPECTION (MONTHLY), CELL VALVE INSPECTION (YEARLY), SYSTEM INSPECTION (BI- MONTHLY) POWER REQ FOR ANEOMETER 115 VAC, 60 HZ Term First       Both Sides TROUBLE SHOOTING SYNCHRO SYSTEMOVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM AT ALL TX SETTINGS, ONE UNIT OVERHEATS, TR FOLLOWS SMOOTHLY BUT READS WRONG (ROTOR CIRCUIT OPEN OR SHORTED), OVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM ON TWO OPPOSITE TX SETTINGS, BOTH UNITS GET WARM, TR TURNS SMOOTHLY IN ONE DIRECTION, THE REVERSES (STATOR CIRCUIT OPEN)| preventive maintence comdtinst m9000. , scheduled mpc serial numbers are first component is system it belongs to and 2nd is the frequency adding oil to the external cup lubricates†¦ the bushings components of the steering system are: steering controls, hydraulic system, rudder feedback system, emergency system primary mode for the steering system is hydraulic and electric Pressure senseing element converts gas or liquid energy into pschycal(mechnical) displacement Pressure snubber is a pressure transmitting device that restricts the rate of fluid flowing to a pressure senseing instrument and as the result, the rate f pressure changes

Outsourcing in Value Chain

VALUE CHAIN OF GOAT MILK PRODUCT Figure 1: Value Chain of Goat Milk Figure 1 shows the value chain of goat milk product. In order to be end product, there are several processes involved which are process of getting raw material then manufacturing process where the production process will take place. After that, the product will be distributed to the various channels. Under material, there are several parties will involve such as raw material supplier, transportation/logistic and technology supplier.Then, at the manufacture phase there will be some processes involve such as processing, quality control, packaging and labeling. Packaging will be focus because of most of the producer will outsource this process to other company rather than done by themselves. The reason of this outsourcing will be because of lack of skill and technology for the packaging process. When, the packaging and labeling are done by other company, the product will be not associated to the first owner anymore.In t he case of goat milk, the owner of the livestock is not been recognized anymore and lastly the finish product will be distributed to the user and consumer as a product of the packaging company. Malay proverb call this as â€Å"Lembu punya susu, Sapi dapat nama† means the original owner of the product has not been recognized and the product only been associated to the packaging and labeling company. Figure 2: INDUSTRY INVOLVE IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING FINISH PRODUCT OF GOAT MILKFigure 2 show the industries involved in producing the goat milk. As can be seen, Agriculture industry is the first industry involved where the livestock is coming from this industry. Most of the parties involved in this industry are Malay and Indian. Then, in order to package the product, it can be choose whether to use, bottle, box container, can and so on. For box and bottle for example, it will use woods and sand as the raw material to produce box and bottle then, other industry will involve too.T hen, the distribution process will involve with logistic company. Therefore, in producing a bottle or a box of milk, there are many parties and industries involved and take placed. Figure 3 below shows the value chain of the packaging process and the example of many type of packaging container. The figure shows the package is designed using the CAD and has been tested and evaluate before start the production process for the packaging. However, some companies do not use such as technology equipment in doing the packaging.This kind of packaging process should be done by the producer company and not supposed outsource the process because the outsource decision make the producer lost the originality and owner power towards the product. Figure 3: VALUE CHAIN OF PACKAGING PROCESS Source: www. nec. co. jp ———————– MATERIAL MANUFACTURE DISTRIBUTION PRODUCT USE – CUSTOMER/ USER – WHOLESALER – RETAILER – AGENT – PROCESSING – QC – LABELLING – PACKAGING – RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIER – TRANSPORT/ LOGISTIC – TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER AGRICULTURE LOGISTIC WOOD/SAND PACKAGING OUTSOURCE!!!!

Top 10 SAT Test Prep Tips and Tricks

Top 10 SAT Test Prep Tips and Tricks Taking any test is difficult. Thats a fact. The redesigned  SAT has its own set of rules that you must know in order to score well. Fortunately, the test tips here will maximize your time because they follow the SAT rules. Use Process of Elimination (POE)   Get rid of as many wrong choices as you can before answering a question. Wrong answers are often easier to find. Look for extremes such as never, only, and always in the reading test; look for opposites in the math section, such as a substitution of -1 for 1. Look for words that sound similar in the writing and language test,  such as conjunctive and subjunctive. Answer Every Question You are no longer penalized for incorrect answers. The redesigned SAT has reversed its penalty of 1/4 point for incorrect answers, so guess, guess, guess away after using the process of elimination.  That said, you dont just want to go at the questions willy-nilly. (See the Slow Down section below.) Write in the Test Booklet   Use your pencil to physically scratch out wrong choices, write down formulas and equations, solve math problems, outline, paraphrase, and underline to help you read. No one is going to read what you write in the test booklet, so use it to your advantage. Transfer Your Questions at the End of Each Section Instead of going back and forth between the Scantron answer form and the test booklet, just write your answers in the test booklet and transfer them over at the end of every section or page. Youll make fewer mistakes and save time. There is nothing worse than getting to the end of a section and realizing you dont have an oval to fill in for the last question.   Slow  Down   Its very difficult to finish all the problems and maintain accuracy. Slow down a little bit, and answer fewer questions correctly instead of guessing at the entire lot. You’ll get a better score if you answer 75 percent of the questions on the test and answer them correctly than if you answer all of them and get 50 percent correct. Choose Which Questions to Answer First You do not have to complete the test sections in order. No, you cant jump from math to writing, but you can certainly skip around inside each section. If youre stuck on a difficult question on the reading test, for example, by all means, circle the question in your test booklet and move on to a simpler question. You dont get any extra points for more difficult questions. Get the easy point when you can! Use the Order of Difficulty to Your Advantage in Math Because the SAT Math section is loosely arranged from easiest to most difficult, the seemingly obvious answers to problems toward the beginning of a section may actually be correct. If youre in the final third of a section, though, beware of the obvious answer choices- theyre probably distracters. Do Not Give Your Opinion in the SAT Essay Even though the SAT essay is now optional, youll still probably need to take it. But it isnt like the essay of the past. The redesigned SAT essay asks you to read an argument and critique it. You are no longer be asked to give your opinion; rather, you need to tear someone elses opinion apart. If you spend your 50 minutes writing a persuasive essay, youre going to bomb it. Cross-Check Your Ovals If you have time at the end of a section, cross-check your test-booklet answers with your Scantron ovals. Make sure you didnt miss a question. Dont Second-Guess  Yourself Trust your gut. Statistics prove that your first answer choice is usually correct. Do not go back through the test and change your answers unless youve found evidence that you are absolutely incorrect.

one flew over the cuckoos nest1 essays

one flew over the cuckoos nest1 essays The imagination is the readers most important tool on the path to enjoying a good book. One can only hinder their enjoyment of the story by disregarding the vivid images created by the mind. Nothing can compare to a landscape so exquisite that it would make a cinematographer jealous, or a prison so cold that you can see the inmates hot breath. However, some authors offer help for those who are creatively impaired. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, the author, Ken Kesey builds such an effective tone, that the shifts in the attitudes of the characters can be detected. In the first half of the novel, Kesey uses a wonderful device to show oppression that makes the reader feel as if they themselves are going insane. Bromden describes it best. Shes got the fog machine switched on...and the more I think about how nothing can be helped, the faster the fog rolls in, (Kesey 101). This fog is not literally there, but instead appears when Kesey wants to create an atmosphere that is disparaging. This dark tone is also emphasized through Bromdens nightmares. In one of the dreams, the hospital turns into a hot industrial factory where the noise of cold, hard, unyielding machinery is almost deafening, (78-82). During the dream, one of the old Chronics, Blastic, is Hung on a hook and sent away into the machines. The strange thing is that he actually does die. Bromdens dream is actually a metaphor for the quick disposal of those who do not survive the nurses treatment. It is as if she does not want any evidence that her patients are not recovering. So , the effect the reader is left with is one representative of how unceremoniously a death is dealt with in the hospital. Death and despair also come in the form of shock treatments. A patient was usually given a quick, yet mind-blowing zap for unruly behavior. When Bromden observes the outburst of another chronic, he actually thin...

E.G'S Refutation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E.G'S Refutation - Essay Example this. In order to prove our position, we will be examining both sides of the story, as well as comparing his opinion with others in order to be able to better understand his position. By using the available research and literature that is available, in this paper will be able to be proved is the matter of how Gettier's opinion does have reason. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are actually many different points that can be used in order to prove Gettier's opinion as being intelligent and basically correct, and several of these in particular will be used here. Edmond Gettier is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and he is most noted for that of his refutation of the principle of deduction for justification, which was most aptly described in an article which he wrote. In this article, Gettier was incredibly outright in his position, and he challenges the justified true belief definition of knowledge, and this definition of knowledge dates as far back as Plato's Theaetetus. One of the biggest disputes in regards to Gettier's refutation is the fact that it 'had already been done', in particular by the work of Wittgenstein; at first his account was widely accepted, by most philosophers in fact, however it was the actual validity of his article that was put into question. His criticism of the Just ified True Belief model is definitely systematic, and in his article he provides several incredibly significant and influential examples of beliefs, of which are both true and justified. However, although they are - and for the most part always have been - considered as being true and justified, it has yet been considered that we should not classify this as being actual knowledge. There are certain opinions that have been made in regards to Gettier's work, and this includes the fact that Gettier's use of 'justification' is too broad, for example, and that he should not use it overly, as it is considered that only some kinds of justification count; some believe that his examples do not count as justification at all; as well, Robert Nozick, who was an American philosopher and professor, suggested in this regards that knowledge absolutely must consist of only justified true belief that is held in such a way that if, say, it turned out to be false, would not have been held. In order to prove the fact that Gettier's work and refutation was actually worthwhile and influencing, we must include the opinion of someone whose views went against his, such as Kwame Anthony Appiah. In Appiah's most noted book, Thinking it Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy, he offers an incredibly thorough introduction to contemporary philosophy, and as well he answers some of the most crucial questions in regards to human existence overall. Appiah, a Princeton philosophy professor, overtly attempts to

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business Essay

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business targeting South African students - Essay Example The services provided are universities/colleges details with their respective courses, course details, and online resources, career counseling through emails, telephone and online-conferencing, and student visa assistance. Price: The price charged from the students is based on the type of membership. There are two types of membership- Basic and Premium. The services for the Premium members are in addition to the services which Basic members will avail. The membership fee is US$30 for Basic members and US$50 for Premium members on annual basis. Place: The customer will be able to subscribe and pay online. According to the membership, the customer will be provided with a login id and password from which it can access the services offered to him/her. Promotion: As this is an online service, the target group of customers can be reached out through advertising in career magazines, local newspapers, online via social networking sites, and promotional campaigns setup in the schools and coll eges campus. Financial & Economic Environment South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the world’s 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market value $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The country’s former fiscal policy was conservative mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent global recession has put pressure to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107... The paper tells that South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the world’s 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market value $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The country’s former fiscal policy was conservative mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent global recession has put pressure to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107 and 87 respectively. In 2000 population below poverty lines was 50%. South Africa is ranked 30th in terms of Foreign Direct investment at home. South Africa’s main trading partners include China, Germany US, Japan and UK. The country was the h ost for 2010 FIFA World Cup which boosted its business revenues and infrastructure. USA is the market-oriented economy with the most advanced technology. In many previous years the country has been the net importer of the goods and services being the number 1 importer in the world and ranked 4th in exports. Its population below poverty line stands at 15.1% and unemployment rate at 9.6% in 2010. The country is also the largest consumer of oil. The US and South Africa signed a $120 million investment fund protocol under OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation) in 1996 for equity investments in South Africa.

The glass menagerie by tenesse williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The glass menagerie by tenesse williams - Essay Example The play is full of imagery and symbolism. Williams uses the characters in the play as symbols themselves. Amanda Wingfield is a southern woman who got abandoned by her husband and is mother to Tom and Laura. In the most parts of the play, she spends her time reminiscing on her past. She also cuts across to the reader as a control freak who nags Tom and Laura by trying to control their every move in the family’s house. She is entirely dependent on Tom for their house rent but still dictates when it is appropriate to play music in the house, dismiss people from the dining table, and even offers her children advice on how they should chew food properly! The yellow dress and bathrobe get used by Williams to symbolize Amanda’s longing for her long gone past. She struggles to put aside her love for his husband who abandoned her. Tom acts as the play’s protagonist and narrator. As a character, he appears to be full of contradiction. Tom’s participation in the play depicts juvenile emotion. Tom is ambitious throughout the play as he works hard to provide for his family. He constantly expresses his love for writing poetry, reading literature, and even has dreams of abandoning his family just to get an escape and have adventure with life’s allure. He however appears bound to their house hold and the petty, squalid living it has to offer. He appears to care for both his mother and sister but becomes cruel to them at times. Even though his father abandoned the family, he draws influence from his absentee father’s family portrait in the household. He follows in his footsteps by abandoning Laura and Amanda at the play’s end leaving them shattered and devastated. Laura is the emotionally and physically crippled sister in the family. She cuts across as the only character in the play who is compassionate to everyone else by not hurting them. Her character is symbolic as she has the fewest lines in the lay

Great deal of documentation Essay Example for Free

Great deal of documentation Essay These two documents need to be completed by the company and sent off to the companies of house where they will assess if the organisation meets the requirements to trade under the name PLC. The companies of house will provide the organisation of a certificate of incorporation which gives them the legal right to start trading. Apart from the legal requirements the formation of a public limited company is a very expensive process compared to a sole trader or partnership and requires a great deal of documentation. The company also needs to have at least  50,000 of share available before it can become a PLC. Another disadvantage is that the founder(s) of the company can end up losing total control of the organisation due to the company shares being readily available for sale on the stock exchange. Large organisations such as Tesco can become difficult to manage efficiently due to the size and capacity of the organisation which often results in staff feeling ignored by a remote management and the decision making can be difficult and take a great deal of time to be able to reach a conclusion. Also detailed financial accounts of the organisation must be published each year, which provides valuable information on how the company is performing to competitors and prospective take-over companies. OBJECTIVES OF TESCO PLC Tesco is already the number one food retailer in Britain and one of the top three in the world, but the organisations wants to improve in stature and minimise the chances of potential competitors catching up. Tesco PLC has one main aims which it expects to achieve in order to continue it success in the competitive UK retail market against such competitors as Sainsbury and Asda. To increase value for customers continually and to earn their lifetime loyalty For this specific aim, they have also set themselves several objectives to increase their chances of achieving the aim such as: 1. To understand our customers better than any of our competitors do. This objective was set so that the customer service provided and the understanding of customers by Tesco PLC is the best in the market and to ensure their closest competitors are not capable of competing. 2. To earn the respect of our staff for these values and to appreciate their contribution to achieving them. Tesco PLC not only wants to appreciate the contribution of their external customers but also the internal one. Tesco want to show that it cares for the needs and expectations of it staff. 3. To recognise that we have brilliant people working for us and to use this strength to make our customers shopping enjoyable in a way that no competitor can. Tesco PLC want to appreciate what their staff are doing for them and that will increase the staff moral and motivate them to continue with the work so potential competitors are kept at bay.

Cults :: essays papers

Cults Each year, hundreds of North Americans join one of the increasing, estimated 3000 unorthodox religions that exist across North America. The increasing number of cults, to date in North America, is due to the fact that cults are a social movement that attempts to help people cope with their perceived problems with social interaction. Cult recruiters target those who perceive themselves as different from the rest of society, and give these individuals the sense of belonging that they crave. Cult literature lures potential cult members by appealing to their desperate need to socially fit in. Cults provide a controlled family environment that appeals to potential cult members because it is a removal from the exterior society. Cult recruiters prey on those who see themselves as alienated from the rest of society, and give these people the sense of conformity that they desire. A common method of recruiters, to obtain new members, is through chat lines on the internet. A recorded conversation between a member of the Divine Light Mission, Fire-Shade, and an 18-year old boy, Jay 18, was obtained off of the site, IRC Teen Chat. Jay18: I am a really great poet, but all of the kids in my class are pretty warped about it. I basically hide it from them because I don't need that hassle. Fire-Shade: My family has a great respect for the artist inside us all. I know you live in Michigan, and our family could always use new operatives all over the world. You have to understand what our family is about, it is about always fitting in and never hiding the truth to be liked or cool. Are you interested? Jay18: Well maybe... Fire-Shade: Give me your phone number we really shouldn't talk about this here. Jay18: I would rather not give my phone number out. You give me yours, I won't be able to talk for long though. Fire-Shade: Trust is very important in our group...do you trust me? You can't call us, unfortunately because we are not in a position to be accepting phone calls. Jay18: Well then you can just e-mail me...OK. Fire-Shade: [disconnects]1 The cult member makes the young boy feel as though he does care about his problems, and wants to make this boy's life better. Fire-Shade conveys his family as an entity not as many different individuals. After feeling alone for many years the only persuasion some individuals need is the assurance that they will be part of a society and accepted unconditionally. Cult members know what type of individuals feel most alienated and alone, says Dr.

Vero Moda Marketing mix

VERO MODA was one of the first brands to launch within the Bestseller family. Today VERO MODA is one of the largest brands in the company. The vision of the brand was to fulfill a need for good quality, on-trend clothing at affordable prices. VERO MODA is the brand of choice for the fashion-conscious, independent young woman who wants to dress well and pay less. Today, VERO MODA has more than 1,000 stores in Europe, 1,600 stores in China, and experience rapid growth in both India and Canada. VERO MODA is represented in almost 45 countries. Vero moda has two in-house labels that specialize in a certain type of apparel that is-Y.A.S- The core collection is founded in our eternal passion for luxurious fabrics, contemporary shapes, modern lines, and refined silhouettes. Y.A.S stays true to its ethos, which is a design approach centered on well-crafted, feminine collections with a touch of edge and understated coolness. Noisy May is a team of passionate individuals bound together by their love for fashion and true denim.SEGMENT- Young adults, young independent women, fashion conscious women. Between the age group of 18-35TARGET- It targets the upper middle class and high class; with annual income of 5 lakhs and above.THE FOUR P’sPRODUCT Vero Moda has apparel, accessories and shoes.Women’s wearVero moda caters to the fashion loving populace.Vero Moda clothes follow the current fashion trends and patterns. The silhouettes are very feminine, stylish and semi-formal. It doesn’t give a casual look rather a very prim and proper feminine look and feel. Premium quality fabrics are used giving the products a very luxurious feel. The colours used by the brands are sober and sophisticated and then again they have a section with bright feminine colours. The colour pattern is also tweaked from time to time according to the season’s trends. It offers a wide range of sizes catering to all- from an XS to a XL.Accessories & shoes The accessories include w allets, scarfs, earrings, neck pieces and rings. The accessories are again quite feminine and complement their apparel range. Scarfs use a lot of trendy prints. The wallets and shoes use a lot of leather and sequins- Keeping the target audience in mind this is very apt as a young fashionable working women need both to go with their professional and social life.PRICEVero moda has placed itself has a affordable fashion brand for young independent women.The price ranges from Rs 400 to Rs 6000. Since the brand is providing good quality and follows current fashion trends , their customers don’t mind paying that extra bit. Vero Moda has a very niche and sophisticated feel to it which is also reflected through it clothes. But it’s pricing strategy is such that it should target the young independent women who are willing to look good but at affordable prices. Women today are smart and aware and look for the best deals. Thus Vero moda is giving them high quality fashion at an a ffordable price and service. The strategy is that the price should come as a pleasant surprise to its customers.The competitor brands are Zara, Mango, Chemistry. Zara and Chemistry are similarly priced whereas Mango is priced at a higher level.PLACEThe brand targets the fashion conscious independent women and the upper middle class and high class.By Place it means the distribution channel a company follows. Maximum distribution of its products is direct. The brand owns independent stores. Off late they have set up sections in other departmental store that share a similar design philosophy. The brand is placed in a mall or high street which is frequently visited by the target audience. Vero Moda has not restricted itself only to high street or exclusive malls as it talks about affordability and reaching the masses.PROMOTIONAbove the line- Vero Moda doesn’t have much of above the line promotion. It doesn’t have tv or radio commercials. Though it does promote itself quite a bit through print media; especially in fashion magazines. For new collection Vero Moda prints out catalogues which are circulated to frequent customers and given to any visitor who comes to the store..Below the Line-Vero Moda has its own active website which is regularly updated. It also conducts online competitions and other promotional activity. The brand sends out regular mails to its valued customers always keeping them in the loop. Thus maintaining a good customer base and trying to create a brand loyalty for itself.One of the most striking promotional activities is the window displays done by the brand. Its out of the box, trendy and very attractive. It speaks smartness, class, chic, sophistication.During sales they have special window displays and holdings. This makes more and more people aware about their ongoing sale.SWOT ANALYSIS:STRENGTH- Fashionable and trendy Affordable pricing Good quality Spacious stores Strong brand image Brand awareness WEEKNESS Not enough promot ion ( tv commercials, endorsements, ) Repetition and can get monotonous Narrow target audience ( only young women)OPPORTUNITIES To broaden target audience ( menswear, children) More commoditiesTHREATS Competitor brands Global brands Brands with better promotional strategies Better offers and pricing strategies.

The Contribution of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux to Landscape Architecture

4)To what extent Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux have contributed to the professional pattern of Landscape Architecture. Both Frederick Law and Calvert Vaux are actively take parting in Landscape Architectural undertakings in the 19Thursdaycentury. Calvert Vaux was a immature Architect in the twelvemonth 1857. He collaborated with Frederick Law in the Central Park competition. Apart from landscape undertakings Vaux besides committed himself as an designer planing assorted houses that harmonises with nature. Frederick Law Olmsted being known as the â€Å"Founder of American Landscape Architecture every bit good as a well-known park designer† by the National Park Service. Frederick Law Olmsted started the being a Landscape Architecture after experimenting and seeking out many different calling Fieldss. From a correspondent, societal observer and husbandman. He had many involvements in his early life. In landscape architecture, Olmsted combined his ideas and involvements in rural life and conditions and ideas of independent glorification to make a new signifier of civil technology that non merely focuses on its map but every bit good as beauty. The Urbanization Olmsted seen on the route with its involvement in rural jobs shortly make him wanted to work as a Landscape Architect. As he was touring about in Britain in the 1850s, he visited England’s Birkenhead Park, which was an of import and a accelerator in embarking into the landscape calling way. In the twelvemonth 1858, the metropolis commissioners selected, out of the entire thirty-tree designs being submitted in the competition for the new park ( Central Park ) the one chosen â€Å"Greensward, † which was the coaction work of Frederick Law and Calvert Vaux. Central Park is the acknowledgment of this design through its important characteristics. It was besides one of the earliest illustrations of a park that is being referred as a well balance work of landscape architecture, every bit good as the first in any state to suggest broad loosen uping evidences which have the beauty of minimalist natural scenery as it met the qualities of complete enclosure by a tightly built metropolis. Central Park was a great success where both he and Vaux are able to closely towards each other. The usage of hills, trees and curve paseos created a signifier of tranquility and farness from the metropolis. Both Olmsted and Vaux besides formed a company and designed major Parkss in Brooklyn, Buffalo and more. Apart from the formed company, Olmsted besides founded his ain personal house in the 1883 which led him to travel his place to overhaul Boston and created â€Å"Fairsted† known as the world’s first professional office for the Landscape Design. Vaux and Olmsted so started a long partnership with each other where they form the landscape thoughts of the place that should be played in the life of metropoliss. But single inputs by each of them has ever been ill-defined. Some besides argued that Vaux must be taking in the undertaking as he is more experience in landscape architecture as compared to Olmsted, therefore there is no ground to misbelief Vaux’s design. Soon subsequently, the park’s governments had decided to do Olmsted the Head Architect with Vaux as an helper. Although Olmsted had a batch of enduring in the ulterior old ages in order to foreground Vaux of import function towards the design every bit good as the development of the Parkss, Vaux had ever felt that he did non had the celebrity that he should have. Apart from the Central park undertaking, Olmsted and Vaux besides collaborated in 1865 after the Civil War on what many referred as their most successful design The Brooklyn’s Prospect Park. Not merely that they besides designed several other Brooklyn Parkss which includes the Carroll Park in Carroll Gardens, Washington Park and the Parade Ground and Tompkins Square. Olmsted and Vaux besides created a new signifier of tract that is able to work out the job of inefficiency of Brooklyn’s Grid Street system. These landscaped pavings are used to link assorted different vicinities to different Parkss all around the queen’s boundary line. Olmsted crafted assorted illustrations of designs which the Position of Landscape Architecture is able to heighten the quality of life in America. These include big urban Parkss being devoted to the contact and engagement of the scenery and designed to defy and equilibrate out the bogusness of the metropolis and the emphasis of modern life. One of the most of import conveyances were the Private carriages a smooth route reserved for them that is able to link Parkss and spread the advantages of public green infinite around the metropolis. Olmsted and Vaux designed the park to be able to make ways and way for the walkers and passenger cars to bask and look up to the park without holding to rag each other. The design of the roads is considered extremist as it allows vehicular entree to drive through the park without being divided from the park’s experience. It provides an array of public installations for the occupants and scenic saving safeguarding countries of extraordinary landscape beauty from devastation every bit good as commercial utilizations. Garden / landscape design could better both consciousness every bit good as the self-reflections of residents. With an increasing figure in alfresco flats, it encourages out-of-door activities where the garden infinite is a specified preparation land for the citizens populating around it. Governmental edifices would hold been more efficient and do understand the importance of planning. Olmsted’s design attack showed the complexness of his perceptual experience and even paid attending to the slightest inside informations for a occupant in harmonising green-space. Olmsted understands the concluding behind his landscape work which is capable of impacting the emotions of others. This was rather noticeable throughout his park designs, where he designed the pavings of the scenery such that the visitants would be saturated. Able to see the healing action of the landscape as what Olmsted would depict it as â€Å"Unconscious† procedure. In order to accomplish this result, he overpowered all the elements of the design in doing the land-art contacts more elusive. Olmsted ever wanted to believe in front of the current tendencies and actions and being able to deduce his designs based on the of import rules of human psychological science. In item, he cross referenced from the analysis of earlier British Sophist of tough-minded landscape and their attending towards the particular qualities of composing and attractive scenery. The kernel of agricultural landscape was the English cervid park, making an emotion of an hypertrophied infinite and its finely inflected land and smooth, a cropped lawn. He was able to gain that this manner is known as his particular expression to bring around the bad effects of an modern life. The â€Å"Picturesque† manner was being used in deep and worn out terrain, and followed by seting with a thick bed of different land screens, bushs and etc. This finally will ensue in a idea of charitableness, outpouring and secretiveness. His utmost experience of this consequence was on the Isthmus of Panama as he was go throughing through a journey to California. Where both signifiers includes the qualities of infinitude, and the deficit of remarkable objects for a item geographic expedition. As Olmsted defined it, the term â€Å"scenery† is ne'er applied to vision of any field that is seen as consecutive forward. Hence it should hold a degree of complexness in its forms and visuals closer towards the oculus, unimportant inside informations when looked farther off. These characters were of import for the unknown gesture of the scenery in head. They were besides an of import component to his design as practicing benchmarks for keen apprehension. The criterion of elegance that includes a mixture, complexness and a all right series of surfaces, colorss and tones were of import to Olmsted creative and cultivating intent. Although the site that Olmsted favoured needs a at least a rainfall in order to accomplish its result, he understood that bulk of the United States does hold a different conditions. Following that he sets out to develop a distinguishable landscape technique for the South, while in the West it requires a water-conserving technique. He applied the techniques of this attack with six undertakings in the San Francisco Bay and Colorado. During Olmsted calling, he and his house completed out over 500 commissioned undertakings. Which includes 100 Parkss and diversion countries, with over 200 private estates every bit good as legion residential undertakings and campus design for a smattering of academic establishments. Olmsted himself is a originative interior decorator, even though he had problem with showing his thoughts in words. With about six thousand letters were still about till this yearss, With its treatment with 300 design committees. And at times he paid for the publications every bit good as public distribution of these letters which includes his experience in journeys and several paperss by the United States committee. Calvert Vaux who is besides one of America’s well-known designer / Landscape designer. He besides shaped some of America’s most outstanding landscape during the 19Thursdaycentury. He worked with celebrated landscape figures such as Andrew Jackson Downing and subsequently with Frederick Olmsted, and therefore Vaux’s manner on the landscape architecture was ignored in the 20Thursdaycentury. Vaux was an optimist who worked difficult throughout his calling and life to better the life conditions of the lower category and promoted art instruction for all. Calvert Vaux had been successful in Architecture before the age of 24, where he came to America and met Downing. And after the sudden decease of toss offing in the 1854, the undertaking of planing the evidences of the capitol and the Smithsonian Intuition has yet been completed in America. In Vaux private life, he was a adult male of remarkable pureness, kindness and trustworthy. Although he lacked of socialising accomplishments, which was able to let him to hold a better place. But he still had many achievements and pattern of the best type. The calling of Vaux was an animating one for those immature creative persons who are fighting every bit good as citizens who are laboring and working in civic and small town betterments. Although the 1870s were Vaux’s most productive old ages but he latter shortly found out that his High Victorian Gothic Style against the lifting popularity of Neoclassical manner had shortly made his worked looked dull and outdated. Even though he won the undertakings with the High Victorian designer, for the American Museum of History every bit good as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and constructing the first phase of each of them, he shortly lost the undertakings for go oning the ulterior parts, due to the multiple reappraisals that the edifices had. His ability to win over big undertakings shortly beads, and he turned to planing Lodge houses and other good edifices for the Children’s Aid Society located over in New York City. Apart from that he besides devoted his last few old ages of life in concentrating undertakings on the New York Public Parks as landscape designer, which led him to plan several little Parkss throughout the metropolis and besides being able to go on his work on the Central Park. At his decease during 1895, Vaux did non take the function in the developments of architecture in America but he had left a long and unforgotten undertakings. In their late eightiess both Frederick Olmsted and Vaux collaborated with each other on Particular undertakings such as supplying free design service to the metropolis of Newburgh ( New York ) where they construct a park in memory of Andrew Jacks. Their concluding coaction concerns the Niagara Reservation. An country the province of New York bought as to forestall any signifier of commercial development which will compromise the scenery. Both Olmsted and Vaux composed their programs that would resuscitate the Niagara’s dramatic sceneries doing it accessible to tourist. In decision I think that both Landscape Architects did manner beyond their portion in the professional pattern of Landscape Architecture as they were really sensitive towards minor inside informations such as the landform, clime alterations, materials/surfaces and the ideas / activities of the people. They did non pretermit other points in its design such as transit in which are widely used boulder clay this twenty-four hours where they are able to plunge themselves in to the landscape, instead than being separated and divided. They besides tried to do roads and way efficient for both walkers every bit good as vehicles. And the landscapes that both work forces design had particular qualities in them where it’s designed towards tranquil and peaceable emotions. These psychological design qualities are a immense advantage towards the users in footings of de-stressing themselves and being able to look up to the elegant sceneries.